Wednesday, March 24, 2010

Cockroach review, by Mary Gaitskill



The New York Times, November 12, 2009

COCKROACH
By Rawi Hage
305 pp. W. W. Norton & Company. $23.95
review by Mary Gaitskill
“We are all outlaws in the eyes of America! In order to survive we steal cheat lie forge fred hide and deal!” Jefferson Airplane wrote these cheerfully absurd words for “We Can Be Together,” their 1969 anthem for a largely middle-class teenage audience playing at being revolutionaries; the lyrics would be a fitting epigraph for Rawi Hage’s second novel, Cockroach. Hage is a highly esteemed 45-year-old Beirut-born writer now living in Montreal. His first book, De Niro’s Game, won the 2008 Impac Dublin Literary Award, given for the best English-language book published anywhere in the world.  Cockroach was a finalist for the Governor General’s Award and other Canadian prizes. Yet the Airplane anthem of teenage “revolution” is the perfect soundtrack for it.
The plot of  Cockroach could have been dramatic. The narrator, a morally correct thief who targets hypocrites and the undeserving rich, is able to turn into a bug when he needs to gain entry, sparing the thief (and the writer) the technical difficulties of, for example, getting into the back seat of a car in plain sight of its rotten bourgeois owners. He has lived through war and domestic violence in his home country, including the murder of his sister; he is in love with a beautiful, high-spirited Iranian woman named Shohreh who loves sex but has no interest in being anyone’s girlfriend; he becomes entangled in a revenge plot against a onetime secret policeman who raped and tortured her in Iran. When we meet him in his therapist’s office, we learn that he has just tried to commit suicide.
This dramatic material, however, is not dramatically realized. Most of it develops as told to the narrator’s unbelievably stupid and credulous therapist in language like this: “I had attempted suicide out of a kind of curiosity, or maybe as a challenge to nature, to the cosmos itself, to the recurring light. I felt oppressed by it all. The question of existence consumed me.” It is hard to take such thoughts seriously, and indeed the character stops being suicidal after the first few pages. The story of past suffering and revenge is jumbled together quickly and with a strange lack of emotional weight; most of the narrator’s energy goes into descriptions of various petty thefts, conversations, “existential” thoughts (“What really fascinates me is the bits of soap foam floating down the drain, swirling and disappearing. Little things like this make me think”) and contempt for the hateful phonies around him. This means pretty much everyone, except for Shohreh and a few of her friends. It especially means anyone who is French or who has French affectations; a line of French dialogue or a mention that a character is eating French food signals that said character is a pig.
It is possible, of course, to tell a dramatic story mainly through flashbacks, in the form of thoughts about what has happened rather than what happens. But to make it work, a writer has to be a master stylist. Here, Hage’s style is mannered, preening and clumsy: “I peeled myself out from under layers of hats, gloves and scarves, liberated myself from zippers and buttons, and endured the painful tearing Velcro that hissed like a prehistoric reptile, that split and separated like people’s lives, like exiles falling into cracks that give birth and lead to death under digging shovels that sound just like the friction of car wheels wedging snow around my mortal parts.”
It is also possible (and sometimes a lot of fun) to have a great central character who loathes everyone around him. But the loathing eye is most effective when it sees precisely the unique and baroquely mixed quality of a character’s evil, the worm safely nesting in the beautifully built personality — especially when the voice that accompanies the eye inadvertently reveals its own secret worm.
Such revelation may be what Hage intends, but his negative characterizations are broad clichés, much too easy and too flattering to the narrator and the reader. He spends pages describing a brainless French Canadian woman he took monetary advantage of, along with her uniformly brainless friends, whom he easily seduces (they are automatically thrilled to be dallying with an “exotic”). When he robs these women during dinner at a French restaurant, they are even more thrilled — and so are their boyfriends, who are excited to be in the company of a “noble savage.” He goes on to describe how these disgusting decadents use drugs, wave guns around to impress him and eat their own excrement out of boredom, concluding in all seriousness: “I see people for what they are. I strip them of everything and see their hollowness.”
These characterizations are laughably bad, and strangely so considering that when he wants to, Hage can actually write. “De Niro’s Game,” despite its silly title, had depth, passion and emotional nuance; you believed the characters and cared about what happened to them. At a French book fair (!) I heard Hage read a moving passage from it, about a petty criminal being tortured by a militia goon who nearly drowns him again and again. As the criminal comes to expect and accept death, he thinks lovingly of how his mother used to smoke while she stole water from a neighbor’s reservoir. The scene has great power not only because of the subject but because of the art with which it is told.
At its best,  Cockroach has moments that recall the power of this scene. Its most positive quality, however, despite its posturing, is its whimsy, which sometimes becomes genuine earthy charm. When the narrator breaks into someone’s home, he rarely does more than raid the fridge, crawl into the bed and watch TV; he’s prone to pranks like changing the radio station to hard rock and cranking the volume. Some of the cockroachian imagery is funny and sharp. The narrator admires the gallantry of bar waitresses; his sexual devotion to Shohreh and her bodily fluids is playful and erotic. Shohreh is a potentially great character, made tragic by her degraded past, but also fiercely up for a good time, sexy clothes, good food and trouble. The portrayal is vivacious but finally shallow; we don’t fully feel the depth of her tragedy or the greatness of her spirit. This is not for lack of trying — Hage clearly means to honor her — but his language is too hackneyed to create the portrait she deserves.
Having read both of Hage’s books, I see his talent. However, I wonder at how extravagantly he’s been praised and at how fast he’s been elevated to the status of an internationally important author. One of the people Hage’s cockroach looks down on is a fellow immigrant, a musician who manipulates the naïve sympathies of well-meaning Canadian women with his stories of hardship and oppression by religious fundamentalists: “Gullible heads would nod, compassionate eyes would open, blankets would be extended on sofas and beds, fridges would burp leftovers, and if the rooster was lucky, it would all lead to chicken thighs and wings moistened by a touch of beer or wine.” Yet the cockroach happily does the same, describing himself as the “exotic, dangerous foreigner” who gives Canadian fools “a sense of the real.” I doubt he intends it, but this could be Hage talking about some of his adoring critics. If so, his contempt would be justified. To overpraise is a subtle form of disrespect, and everybody knows it.
I don’t mean to suggest that everyone who has responded to Hage’s work has done so insincerely. But when I see it being compared to Dostoyevsky, Kafka, Genet, Rimbaud and Burroughs — I can’t imagine that anyone with a mind believes that. In making such overblown comparisons, these “admiring” critics have respected Rawi Hage far less than I have. 
Mary Gaitskill’s most recent book is the story collection “Don’t Cry.”

Dimmity, Richard Mabey


GRANTA 93, GOD & ME
Hardy called it ‘dimmity’, the moment when the certain shapes of the world dissolve. In the emptiness of the Wessex marshlands, against the twilit mass of Glastonbury Tor, the air begins to quiver, to fill with dark scribblings. More than a million starlings are homing in on this ancestral swamp for their nightly communion. They stream in from every direction, joining, breaking ranks, floating free, like some black aurora. Suddenly, they become plasmic. They are one immense organism, pulsating like a single cell. They swing up to the sky and then skim the reeds in folds and falls of black. They fill out great parabolas and helixes, with a symmetry you do not expect from living things. Then, birds again, they fall into the reeds.
It is experiences like this that are supposed to fill us godless folk with intimations of the spiritual. A glimpse of the universal geometry that lies behind the chaos of life, of the workings of a group consciousness outside anything we can imagine—surely this must bring on feelings of immanence, a sense of some order beyond the surface of things. The trouble is, I know these birds away from their dusk rites. They are a long way from being aerial ectoplasm. They’re urchins, opportunists, prodigious mimics. Mozart had a pet starling, which famously learned a theme from his G Major Piano Concerto, but jumped it forward a couple of centuries by changing the G natural to a G sharp. And, like all living creatures, they’re victims, too. I once saw, too close for comfort, a starling being dismembered by a sparrowhawk. Its beak was wide open, not to utter a G sharp or even a scream, but because it was being slowly squeezed to death. No moral context for these birds, no more blame on the hawk for being what it is than on the starling for being weaker and slower and so very edible. No sacrifice of the self for some higher significance—unless joining the great chain of dependence is itself a kind of sacrament.
It’s always been like this for me with spirituality. I catch a whiff of the numinous, and it turns visceral in a moment, part of the digestive process. The first time was when I was a teenager. I fell into a state of thraldom to the hill above our house. It wasn’t a particularly special hill, just a chalk swell that looked out over a wooded valley and a thin winterbourne that, according to local legend, was a woe-water, which flowed only in time of trouble. But I thought it was the most achingly beautiful prospect I had ever seen. It haunted me with some not quite graspable meaning, like the image of the mountain in Close Encounters of the Third Kind. It was an unsettling feeling, edgy, indefinable, a mixture of exquisite pleasure and butterfly discomfort. At times it turned into an actual physical sensation that made the backs of my legs clench, as if I was peering down from a great height. I experienced the same ethereal feelings singing medieval carols with the school choir in the lamplit porches of the big houses at the edge of our town, and then at the ritual reading of Chapter 13 of St Paul’s Epistle to the Corinthians at the end of term: ‘When I was a child I spake as a child…but when I became a man, I put away childish things.’ I hadn’t the slightest interest in the religious content of these ancient texts, but they seemed like a bridge across time, a fleeting glimpse of something inexpressibly bigger than the shackling routines of school, perhaps a first intimation of the continuity of life. If any of these blurrily romantic feelings had depths beyond that, I guess they were in Deep England, which was beginning to cast its dubious aura over me.
Then about ten years later, something different. I was trying to navigate my way through the last stages of a long anxiety attack, to get through the ‘glass wall’ such states erect between you and reality. I was suddenly struck by a piercing moment of heightened perception, as if a lens had been clamped over my eye. I was convinced I could pick out the minute physical details of the world nearly a quarter of a mile away: individual bricks, the ears of a man, the discrete eddies in a plume of smoke. Of course, I’d simply become aware of part of the sensory processing that I did unselfconsciously every second of my life. But it seemed, in that moment of hypersensitivity, to be some inexplicable, supernatural gift. It looked as if ‘the beyond’, for me, was always going to be just a few hundred yards away.
But the eye ought to have made me pause. For the religiously inclined it’s not only the mirror of the soul but a kind of portal to the mysteries beyond evolution. For decades it was thought to be the blind spot in Darwin’s theory. How, even over thousands of millions of years, could any living structure of such extraordinary complexity have been developed by chance mutations? How could it all, the light-sensitive iris, the nerve-transmitters in the retina, the lens, the lids, the tears…how could it all be coordinated as well? Anne Stevenson’s poem about a new baby ponders the origins of ‘the distinct eyelashes and sharp crescent/fingernails… Imagine the / infinitesimal capillaries, the flawless connections / of the lungs, the invisible neural filaments…’ She calls the poem ‘The Spirit is too Blunt an Instrument’. And God perhaps too exact a watchmaker. What is clear from the increasingly remarkable revelations about the intricacy of the living world is that Intelligent Design is a logical impossibility. It’s not that God isn’t clever enough, but that life isn’t that kind of process. The Reverend Paley’s celebrated vision of the living world as an exquisitely engineered watch is as inappropriate as seeing Creation as a symphony unfolding from a written score. What it is like is a vast piece of musical improvisation, unpredictable, free-form, exuberantly bodged, yet melding exquisitely with what already exists. And, of course, like all such music, quite without meaning, just gloriously itself.
Isn’t this something to have faith in? The stuff of life, the astonishing, resilient, surreal inventiveness of it all? The extravagant iridescence in the wings of butterflies. The minute convolutions of Henle’s loop in the human kidney, ‘like the meanders in a creek’. The song of the Albert’s lyrebird, which takes it six years to learn and segues the phrasing of every other bird in the Queensland bush. At times the gratuitousness of creation, its sheer wild playfulness, can only be understood as a kind of unscripted comedy.
Long before I knew much about the fantastic domestic arrangements that are the norm for life in the tropics, I learned about the transactions of Britain’s rarest butterfly, the large blue. Its larvae feed for a while on wild thyme, and start producing honey on their abdomens. They also produce a pheromone that mimics the scent of ant grubs. The adult ants gather up the butterfly larvae, take them off to their nests and look after them as if they were their own offspring—drinking their honey in return. All the while the larvae are singing to the ants, echoing the rhythmic noises of the grubs… Wouldn’t it have been simpler, Annie Dillard enquires in her rodeo-ride of God in Pilgrim at Tinker Creek,
just to rough in a slab of chemicals, a green acre of goo... The lone ping into being of the first hydrogen atom ex nihilo, was so unthinkable, violently radical, that surely it ought to have been enough. But look what happens. You open the door and all heaven and hell break loose’.
Wouldn’t it have been easier, for that matter, to have nothing at all, no lone hydrogen atom, no first cause? The fact that there is anything is the one impenetrable mystery. Once there was, the eventual emergence of the planet’s grand comedy of manners was pretty well inevitable.
Once in an interview, trying to sidestep the queries about spirituality that are always beamed at those who confess a more than scientific fascination with nature, I suggested that I could be described as a ‘transcendental materialist’. It wasn’t a very creditable answer, and I should have had the guts to call myself a straightforward materialist. But beyond the posing, I was trying to say that, for me, the physicality of the living world—its veracity, its anciently involved intelligence, its wit, its refusal to be pinned down—transcends itself, not into the realm of the supernatural, but into that of the hyper-real.
The true Transcendentalists in nineteenth-century America believed almost the exact opposite of this, arguing, anthropocentrically, that the material world was a product of some mystical, ideal force. ‘Nature is the incarnation of thought,’ wrote Ralph Waldo Emerson, their guru. ‘The world is mind precipitated’. Emerson’s friend Thoreau called himself a Transcendentalist, but was altogether more grounded. His epic climb up into the desolate wilderness of Mount Katahdin is the seminal statement about the absolute authority of the physical: ‘Talk of mysteries! Think of our life in nature—daily to be shown matter, to come into contact with it—rocks, trees, wind on our cheeks! The solid earth! The actual world! The common sense! Contact! Contact!’ In Walden, less frenziedly, Thoreau writes about measuring the depth of his pond. It’s a passage which is both literal and metaphorical, about reality and responsibility: ‘The greatest depth was exactly one hundred and two feet; to which may be added the five feet which it has risen since, making one hundred and seven. This is a remarkable depth for so small an area; yet not an inch of it can be spared by the imagination… While men believe in the infinite some ponds will be thought to be bottomless.’ The imagination, he is suggesting, needs detail and finitude, not abstraction, for its full flowering.
My one bottomless pond is the mystery of self-consciousness, a phenomenon which I suspect is no more open to ‘explanation’ than the fact that something came to exist. Pondering it when I was young was another vertiginous experience. If the sense of self was a product of the processes of the brain, could there be another ‘me’, somewhere else, where the immense possibilities of the universe had thrown up an identical physical being? And if I couldn’t be a self in two places at once, could I be so in two different times? Might brain chemistry be the answer to reincarnation?
Thankfully I grew out of tormenting myself with unanswerable questions, but the self remains the chink in the materialist’s armour. And on a very few occasions I’ve had the feeling, which I suppose is the one thing common to all so-called spiritual experiences, that its boundaries are relaxing a little. One May night especially, listening to nightingales in Suffolk, was something close to a moment of communion. The setting was narcotic. A full moon, mounds of cow parsley glowing like suspended balls of mist, the fen arching like a lustrous whaleback across the whole span of the southern horizon. The nightingale was a shaman, experienced, rhetorical, insistent. I sank into its charms, a willing initiate. A shooting star arced over the bush in which it was singing. As I edged closer, its song seemed to become solid, to be doing synaesthetic things with the light. I was aware that my peripheral vision was closing down, and that I had no sense of where I was in space. And then, for just a few seconds, the bird was in my head, and it was me who was singing.
Conventionally, one is supposed to feel awe and humility at moments like this. Not a bit of it. Awe would seem to me an appropriate emotion for God, viewing the exuberance of the living world from a distance. But not for a creature caught up in it. I was part of the home team, on the winning side, fist in the air, cheering in solidarity. Nor did I feel that my self had shrunk, or grown insignificant, but rather that bird and landscape and I were at that moment part of a larger being.
It’s telling how often music is the agency for such experiences, and a metaphor for what they mean. The great American biologist Lewis Thomas wrote often of the sensory communications which keep the planet working harmoniously, of signals ‘informing tissues in the vegetation of the Alps about the state of eels in the Sargasso Sea’. He once imagined what it might be like if we could hear the planet’s ‘grand canonical ensemble’, if we could make out vibrations of a million locusts in migration, the descants of whales, the timpani of gorilla breasts, termite heads, drumfish bladders. The combined sound might be a sacred oratorio that would lift us off our feet.

Nightmares, by Ruth Franklin


GRANTA 101  MEMOIR 
We’re on vacation somewhere in the country, by a lake. The light is hazy, green, as if I were looking at the sky from underwater; the lake, too, is green, surrounded by dense weeds and brambles. My husband and son are playing nearby, shouting to each other. Suddenly I realize – what have I been doing all this time? Why wasn’t I watching? – that I can’t see my little girl. And I know, with the certainty one has in dreams, that she has fallen in the lake. Shock has rooted me, but I scream for my husband. I know he will be able to do what I can’t, to jump in and save her, if only he gets there in time.
For almost as long as I can remember, I’ve suffered from nightmares. Sometimes they strike regularly, once a week or so; or months of uneventful sleep will pass and then I’ll have a blizzard of them, every night for weeks. The first one I recall, at the age of about five, was a single image: a bulldozer digging an enormous hole in the basement of our house, with a sign that read DANGER blocking the way in. I remember little of the precise circumstances around the dream: we were moving to a different house, and my parents’ marriage was soon to break up, but I didn’t know that at the time. What I do remember is the sickening dread, so overpowering that I could not bear to look down the basement stairs for fear of seeing that gaping hole.
We tend to dismiss dreams as unimportant – as no more than random misfirings of brain circuitry,meaningful only if we believe them to be. ‘It was just a dream,’ we tell children who awaken screaming in the night.As for the word ‘nightmare’, it has been debased through careless use, applied indiscriminately to long lines at the grocery store or packed subway cars. But for someone in the grip of a nightmare, it’s not ‘just a dream’: he or she experiences the terror of the dream as if it were real.
‘The person awakes panic-struck from some hideous vision,’ wrote the nineteenth-century physician Robert Macnish, ‘and even after reason returns and convinces him of the unreal nature of his apprehensions, the panic for some time continues, his heart throbs violently, he is covered with cold perspiration, and hides his head beneath the bedclothes, afraid to look around him.’
The terror of the nightmare, unlike the terror of a ghost story or a horror film, can be experienced only in isolation. Another person can appreciate that it must be frightening to dream of one’s child drowning, but no one else can feel the waves of fear that reverberate long after one wakes to find the baby sleeping peacefully. We know that nightmares are unreal, yet they torment us all the same.
There have always been two theories about the interpretation of dreams: either they look forward or they look back. Before the age of psychoanalysis, the former was dominant. Dreams were commonly held to prefigure future events: in the Bible, Pharaoh’s nightmares about the cows and ears of grain foretell the years of famine in Egypt. In Greek mythology, Hecuba, the mother of Paris, dreams of giving birth to a firebrand. Gustavus Hindman Miller’s arcane 1901 manual 10,000 Dreams Interpreted lists, encyclopedia-style, various dream symbols and their meaning in the cryptic, oracular language of fortune cookies: ‘To see mosquitoes in your dreams [means that] you will strive in vain to remain impregnable to the sly attacks of secret enemies.’
Physician-philosophers from Robert Burton onward (‘fearful dreams’ were among his symptoms of melancholy) have conducted investigations into the causes of nightmares, often inspired by their own suffering. Nightmares have been said to be a sign of a creative personality, of an elongated uvula, or of
‘congestion in the brain’. They are brought on by eating any number of foods: cabbage, legumes, cucumbers. John Bond, the author of the first book written in English on the subject – An Essay on the Incubus, or Nightmare (1753) – believed that nightmares came from sleeping on one’s back. His response was to sleep, miserably, in a chair in an attempt to ward off his ‘attacks’. The Victorian physician John Waller thought that undigested food
remaining in the stomach at bedtime produced ‘impulses’ in the nervous system ‘which on reaching the brain are transformed into feelings of terror’ (hence the modern-day injunction not to eat pizza before bed). Even so supremely rational a thinker as Kant had an original theory of nightmares: he believed they were the body’s own built-in alarm system, designed to awaken a sleeper whose safety was compromised by poor circulation.
With the advent of psychoanalysis, nightmares came to be understood as a particularly perverse twist on Freud’s famous theory of the dream as wish-fulfilment: namely, the nightmare expresses a repressed wish so taboo that even its distortion in the dream state suffices to terrify the dreamer. Ernest Jones, a follower of Freud who wrote a series of psychoanalytic studies of nightmares, argued that they are always ‘an expression of a mental conflict over an incestuous desire’. This seems about as plausible as the ancient myth Jones finds at the root of his theory, which held that nightmares were brought on by a mythological being who sat on people’s chests as they slept – hence the shortness of breath one often experiences on awakening. (In Old English, this creature was known as a mare.) A synonym for nightmare is ‘incubus’, the term for another supernatural nocturnal visitor said to have sex with women while they sleep. In Henry Fuseli’s painting The Nightmare (1781), which Freud is said to have displayed in his study, a woman in a suggestively draping nightgown lies supine on a bed, eyes tightly shut and mouth agape, in what could be a vision of ecstasy were it not for the hairy demon crouched on her breast.
The psychological roots of my own dreams have always been so obvious as to render their analysis pointless, a puzzle so easy it’s not worth the effort. My parents divorced when I was young: I dreamed of abandonment, of losing things, of becoming lost. (Did my bulldozer dream foretell the divorce?That would be the ancient interpretation; it seems more likely that my childhood self internalized some sign of the impending break – quarrels, coldness – and spun it into a fantasy of danger in the home.)When I was an adolescent, a close friend attempted suicide: for years afterwards my dreams killed off all the people close to me and, when the supply of loved ones ran out,my mind invented new ones. And, like all mothers, I dream about disaster befalling my children.
But what’s common among my diverse nightmares – and I’ve come to understand that this is different from the way many people dream – is that they follow a classic narrative arc: beginning, middle, dénouement. They have resolution. My nightmares, over the years, have become my own private library of stories, with a roster of favourites that I return to in my waking thoughts from time to time, to see how well they’ve held up or whether I might be able to coax some new meaning out of them. I’ve come to treasure this secret storehouse of anxieties and disturbances. For nightmares, not unlike works of literature or indeed any art, are an investigation into the deepest,most primary forces that drive us. Not only that, but they even conform to one of the classic theories of literature: the defamiliarization of the familiar. Like ghost stories or Greek tragedies, nightmares allow us to confront our fears from a safe distance, and the catharsis that results is as powerful as any that I’ve experienced through literature. It seems no accident that the same word, ‘haunting’, is used for both nightmares and particularly affecting works of art. And so I’ve come to see my nightmares as less a burden than a gift, a private theatre for the safe staging of my personal melodramas, where the bombs detonated during the night won’t shatter the peace of my waking life.
I’ve watched my children closely for signs of nightmares. My son, at age four, is a sound sleeper who rarely articulates his dreams. (Men are said to experience fewer nightmares than women.)
But not long ago my little girl awoke during the night with a shriek unlike any I’d ever heard from her. I ran to her crib and found her sobbing.
‘Did something happen?’ I asked, and she nodded.
‘What?’
She took a shuddering breath. ‘Lion take me,’ she said.
I rocked her, trying to imagine what she might have seen. The sleeping lions at the zoo she had visited that day, risen up, claws bared, to grab the toddler watching from above? The lion night light in her room, transformed by some trick of shadow or imagination into a live, frothing beast? ‘To dream of a lion,’ Gustavus Miller tells us with his typical combination of absurdity and gravitas, ‘signifies that a great force is driving you’ – a statement at which every parent of a two-year-old will nod knowingly. As she drowsed back to sleep, I imagined that lion standing at the gatepost of her own personal mythology, guarding the gulf that separates reality and imagination, and perhaps someday extending its paw to help her across.

This Is Not About Me, Janice Galloway


My mother thought I was the menopause. She came to terms with the fact that I wasn’t in Buckreddan Maternity Home in Kilwinning, because that was where women went. In those days, the medical profession gave out the impression of no choice. Labour meant Buckreddan: QED. That the name maternity home suggested duress and distress was probably not intentional, but the suggestion was there nonetheless. I was sixteen before I found out what Buckreddan looked like, by catching sight of the name on a placard as I shot by on a bus. Red Victorian sandstone, almost a hotel. I had always imagined a poorhouse, women in rows in narrow single beds with thin sheets, the occasional nurse with an origami hat like Florence Nightingale. I had always imagined grey, cold, stern. Now I saw the real thing, it looked fine. I tried instead to picture its ranks of babies, me among them somewhere, but couldn’t. All I could muster was the sound of them, crying. I couldn’t picture the absurdly named delivery suites, since I had no idea what delivery was or what such a suite might contain. But I could imagine bottles. That was what we got then; we got powdered milk – formula – in bottles.
They tried to make us breastfeed, my mother said, and it was horrible. I told them I was too old, but the Sister didn’t care. It’s for baby, she said. Baby. As though you knew any different.
It was only when her attempts led to baby throwing up enough blood to coat her top sheets, twice, that she was let stop.
I told them, she said. You canny do that sort of thing when you’re forty. Anyway, you did fine on the bottle.
Speeding towards Troon on a corporation bus, I pictured the insipid green wards and the Big Ward Sister not taking no for an answer and the red Victorian sandstone that bound them in. I pictured my mother, a small head afloat on a sea of white cotton, a red tide of blood oozing towards her like lava. I pictured the ranks of bottles revolving on a metal trolley, fresh, white and full of reconstituted powder that had once been the produce of larger, abler animals. What I couldn’t picture was me, the little vampire in the midst of the melodrama, the source of all that worry. Nothing I did could conjure a creature as dependent and irretentive as a baby.
That’s how come you’ve a delicate stomach, my mother said. You had a Bad Start.
Every time she said this, there was a pause. Every time, I knew what was next.
If I’d known you were coming, she’d say eventually, if I’d found out. Things would have been different.
I had no reason to doubt her meaning or that her meaning was less than sincere. Things would have been different. Decades on, when my mother was delirious and thinking she was going to die, she let slip she’d miscarried at least another twice after me. There should have been, God help us, more. Maybe I’d put her on her guard, seized all the chances and left my found-out, flushed-out little siblings with none. Maybe, on the other hand, her body had made those decisions alone. It was never clear, never clarified, never referred to again. I was, as my sister reminded me every day of my childhood, bloody lucky to be there at all. If she’d kent you were coming, she’d say. Nobody needed to say the rest.
It is 1955. She is approaching forty and he is fifty.
There’s a wooden sideboard, a walk-in larder and a big Ulster sink. The smaller sink is in commission too because washing takes up lots of sinks. Lots of sinks and the wringer that needs fixing and too many buckets of water and the bloody leaky hose that’s perished down one side and the whole of Friday. She works in her husband’s shop on weekends and during the week when he can’t be bothered. She has a feeling it’s shut more often than not when her back is turned because it’s right next to Massie’s bar, which is no help to anybody. Women aren’t allowed in Massie’s and it makes her furious for no good reason. It’s not as though she wants to go in, it’s the prohibition. She goes to the Labour Club and the bowling club and it’s warm. People play accordions and sing. It’s company. Massie’s isn’t about company. It’s about men boozing their money away and making Davie Massie rich, nothing else. Going past it on the way to the train station, the stink of piss and spilled alcohol make her gag, so she crosses the road to avoid it and it chases her, like drain emissions. Even thinking about it now, she realizes, is making her queasy. Queasy or not, there’s the washing to do and it’s Friday. Outside it’s snowing, but that’s neither here nor there. Needs must and the devil is always bloody driving.
She’s had heartburn since she got up, heartburn, sciatica and this other indigestion pain somewhere near her kidneys. Something they ate last night, maybe. Her head hurts under the scarf she tied like a turban to keep the perm crisp, and the heat in here doesn’t help. It’s racking. Under the lid of the tub, though, everything’s twisting together nicely, getting clean. She pokes a towel with a wooden stick she’s been told not to use because it might catch in the drum, but old habits and so on. And the steam comes up, a rush that flushes her face and all the way to the base of her neck, chasing an unexpected trail of sweat down her back. The pain is suddenly horrible, like a fist. Maybe she has a migraine coming. She closes her eyes, looks down as the flush of warmth drives right past her belly and opens them again to see the Hoover sign wavering. And water.
Her feet, now she moves her toes in the slippers, are wet. Her skirt, too; a brownish puddle on the lino, now she looks, seeping between the joins. This bloody machine. Again. There was something wrong with the damn thing from the first day. To be fair, he’d at least bought the thing. It was the only one in the street. Her eyes are watering now, the way they do more often these days. It’s the Change, her mother said. Change of Life. That’ll bloody sort you out. The thickening at her waistline, the weight in her chest. This was what happens. You turned into an older woman, and that was you, finished. Nobody had any time for you then.
The water keeping coming makes her not want to think any more. She bends to the pile of dirty stuff to fish out a towel, leans into wiping up the puddle, squelching in her stocking soles, and feels dizzy, helpless. The Change. She has twinges in her knees and ankles, flushing in her face, varicose veins and what were called restless legs? Restless legs sound like something people who spent too much time on their feet get, people who are always that bit out of breath from running to keep up with something they can’t quite pin down. Restless legs sound like just the kind of thing she would get. Snow changes to hail behind the window, makes a noise like rattling and suddenly it dawns on her. This water, this flood. It’s her. Dull-getting-worse pain rocks her back and belly, echoing around her like the rings of Saturn, a big stone thrown in slow motion into a deep, deep well. The water is, she begins to grasp it now, whether she wants to or not: the water is all hers.
It was too late. She was pushing forty, had a daughter who was pregnant herself. She had a nice house, a cat and a washing machine of sorts to care for. But it happened.
It was my fault she stayed, she said, but she had stayed for nearly nineteen years already so I never really took that one on. I know I was responsible for other things. For pain, certainly. For worry and increased fear of what staying with him might do. For things going wrong and her life turning into something so different she sometimes tried to end it. But her being with my father in the first place was not my fault. God knew what plans she had before her waters broke. Whatever, they were away. Gone with the tide and the tangle and the hissing razor shells. Not knowing what was hitting her till the last, through the rage of an unexpected, unpremeditated, unplanned and unwished-for labour, she was a mother all over again.
Late baby, winter baby. Mistake. At least their sex lives were in decent fettle.
She must have mopped up the puddle, taking her time. Nobody else would. Maybe she cried. The washing machine worked fine for another three years, no hitches. After that, we were somewhere else and she was back to wooden poles and boiling water, a scrubbing board, a brush.
If I’d kent, she’d say, her eyes narrowing. If I’d only bloody known.
This is my earliest memory. I am on the floor with my arms stretched out, trestle-style, rising from the rug. And out of nowhere, out of the order, there is nothing but fingers. My fingers, hurting. They buckle and sear like burning. When I turn towards the pain, I see half my hand, the rest disappearing under something black. It’s the heel of my father’s shoe. He’s standing on my hand. There is a sensation of rushing in my head then my mother howling, and the rustle of cloth too loud and too near. Someone says shhhh not like the sea. Shhhhh. Shhhhh. And awful screaming that must be me.
I have other memories, other pictures of my hands under my father’s shoes, the busting sensation all along the arm that went with it. But this is the earliest. Soon, I can add the surprise of random cigarette burns, falling unexpectedly, sudden shocks with no remembered cause. I remember hurrying under the table to get out of the way and something heavy landing above me, the sensation of never being entirely off-guard. And sunlight. Someone opening a curtain to let the sun come streaming, blinding, in.
My father, everyone knew it, was clumsy. Not all the time, but often enough for it to be a fact. As though we had poltergeists or Cornish pixies, our lives were full of accidents, things not attributable or admitted at all. Yet they happened. They happened all the time.
He came home any time of day with a stumble in his step, his voice awkward, his hands not able for his shoelaces. And when he did, afternoon or not, it was time for me to go to bed. He was in no fit state, my mother said. Off you pop.
In bed, there were no distractions. Even if I couldn’t hear them, I knew they were there, through the wall, arguing. Sooner or later, something would smash.
It broke, she’d say when I found pieces, untidied-up fragments, wondered what had happened. Watch you don’t cut your fingers.
That was it. Despite the prickle in the spine, like the cracked edge of crockery against tooth enamel, an instinct not all was as it should be, it was the stuff’s fault. It just broke. Butterfingers.
Nothing was permanent, nothing calm. He lost money, found strangers and brought them home, ruthlessly jovial in his own kitchen, men you never saw again yet who sat at the table and got me to fetch them a glass, a cigarette, matches; men who wanted to know if my mother was in. And when the noise got too much, she would appear, fully dressed because there was a guest of sorts whether she knew them or not, ready to scoop me up for bed as though the thought just occurred and she happened to be passing. But everyone knew it hadn’t. The men might look temporarily sheepish, but they didn’t shift. Who shifted was her. And it was when she shifted, turning to go out with me safe under one arm, that the sniping started.
We didny get you out your bed, eh? Me and my friends here? She kept walking. You’ll be wanting to get us something to eat?
As though a fight, a confrontation with her discomfort, was what he wanted more than anything else in the world before it slipped beyond his reach. Things, it was understood as we left the room, the laughter, the slink of glass, might get broken. Other times, come home without company, he’d spend ages sitting on the hall carpet with his back to the wall, letting my mother coax him to be. Take your shoes off, Eddie, let me loosen the laces. Come on, I’ll get your shoes off. You sit down and I’ll help you with these shoes. Eddie, Eddie, Eddie.
This was our family, our routine.
Shhh, she’d say. He’s asleep with his eyes open again. It was morning, her face shock-white from daylight as she opened the curtains. Don’t go in the living room yet and wake him up.
That was the important thing to bear in mind. Shhh.
I learned to stay by doors and windows, things that opened. I kept my eyes keen, watching for clues. But our chairs still broke and our picture frames cracked all the same. Once, he threw my trike against the outside wall, and my mother sat down next to it, its bashed mudguard and fallen-off screws, and just stared, not at him, but at the pieces, as though the trike had exploded of its own accord. It wasn’t him. It was things that did it. Things, and us, were in a conspiracy against him. That he tried now and then to be someone else, slipping his fingers behind my ears to find pennies, or stringing a little paper Charlie Chaplin doll between two chair backs to make it dance, made me nervous. Dance, Charlie, dance, he’d say, and the paper cane would turn, Charlie’s barely unfolded legs jerking in time. And he’d look at me. I knew why. I was supposed to smile. I was meant to show I was happy as a June bug with my life and everything in it. But it wasn’t true. I hated it but I did not hate him. I did not hate her. I did not hate anybody. I just wished it was different. Soon enough, it was.
It was a Friday night, late, and the stew wasn’t ready. I don’t know why we were eating at bedtime, but we were. I was in pyjamas, and outside was dark enough to make the windows act as mirrors. I remember getting off the settee, holding a spoon up to hide the reflection of my face in the glass, then heading down the hallway, following the smell of cooking to the kitchen. Stewing steak takes a long time, she said. You’ll not make it any quicker by looking at it. On you go and play at something. But there was nobody to play with and anyway, I wanted to be with her, in with the steam and the sense of something magic happening, a mess of different things turning into decent food. When it was ready, she was going to blow on it till it cooled and we’d eat together, up late just the two of us in our night things, conniving.
It’s not ready, she said. I told you already, you silly thing. Away and play. I must have gone back to the living room eventually, because that’s where I was when the front door opened. And in he came.
In my memory, it opens like a horror film, like a gun going off with smoke furling in its wake. Maybe it was foggy, maybe just his breath coming in from the cold. At any rate, the door opened and he lurched into the hall, leaving it bouncing on the hinges behind him, the whole of the dark outside rushing in like water. And there I was in my night things, holding a spoon, staring.
What are you looking at?
He was sweaty and slack-skinned. He snapped his fingers to make me look at his eyes and I wouldn’t, so he gave me up as a bad job and turned back up the hallway. There was always something more alluring elsewhere. Tonight, he could smell it. He thumped his shoulder on the hall-stand, trailing all four and a half yards to the kitchen, growling starting in the back of his throat. I realized she didn’t even know he was coming. When he reached the kitchen, I heard her O of surprise. There was the dry scuffle of hands, rubbing.
The questions were stuff I’d heard before. Why was she cooking at this time of night? Who was it for? They were the kinds of questions he asked when he was in this mood, the kind that didn’t want answers. Then he did the not-questions. She knew full well he didn’t want stew. Who told her to cook stew? It wasn’t for him so who was it for? He knew how much stewing steak cost. He was going like a train when she cut in.
Jesus Eddie, she said, \don’t start. Don’t start\\.
Her voice hung alone for a moment before he made up his mind. He cranked up the volume and started the whole thing again.
It was me, not her, that chose what to do next. It was the crack in her voice, his pushing like a wall against it, that did it. I ran towards the kitchen light and my father inside it, filling the space. Not knowing what to do, I did something anyway. I spoke at his back.
Mum, I said. It sounded clean, like a triangle. My voice. Not his name, hers. Mum.
He looked over his shoulder, tilting off-beam just enough for me to see her face, for her to see mine. Seizing the chance, she pointed straight at me.
Look what you’re doing, she said. She was shaking. It’s for her.Who do you bloody think it’s for?
Something shadowed his face, so brief it was almost not there at all. Then, light-switch sober and without stumbling, he went to the back door and clicked the latch. Night sucked into the warm room, a draught banging the front door, at the other end of the hallway, shut. Slowly, he crossed the kitchen and reached for the pot on the cooker, lifting it in one hand. It stayed there, balanced on the moment as though he was trying to guess its weight. Then he walked to the door with it, reached back, swung, and opened his hand. The pot lifted, turned on the air like a seagull and kept going, out of sight over the washing lines. We all watched the time it had taken to make and the money it cost to buy, the good thing it should have been, disappearing into space. There was a soft thud, like an animal, as it landed out somewhere in the tangle of weeds beyond the garden wall, and a whistling noise in my ears.
That was for us, she said. Us. Her voice was stuck in her throat. Not just you.
There was a long silence, dead slow, while things chose which way they would fall.
Well, he said. It’s not for fucking anybody now. Is it?
And he didn’t smile, exactly, but he looked okay. Calmer. Business concluded, he left the kitchen to the sound of his own feet on the lino and she tidied up. Nobody cried. I waited on at the open door, my toes freezing, looking out beyond next door’s garden. The stars were showing over the pigeon loft and our window was light-filled boxes on the grass. I was working something out as I stood there, nobody moving me on, my mouth hanging open wide enough to catch flies. He had done it on purpose. I thought about the pot, the food inside. He knew it was ours and he’d thrown it away. He had known full well.
Started, things slide fast. The tiniest of realizations can tip life sideways, serve up a last straw. I have a very clear memory indeed of ours.
She’s in front of the mirror, singing If Iwere the only girl in the world and you were the only boy, and fetching stuff from the hall cupboard one piece at a time: a cardigan, a rainmate, a scarf. Going out takes time if it’s to be done right. And she does things right. Spare rainmate, purse, black nylon gloves. I’m put together already in a navy coat. Inside my gloves the finger spaces tug wavy knitting against my nails. Already it’s misty outside, the kind of weather that shows breath. A Garden of Eden just built for two. She snips up the lock and hums the rest. Only one more thing to fetch now and we’re off. Stay, she says. Just you wait right there and we’ll away to your granny’s. She wanted me to bring her—
But I don’t hear what it is my granny wanted us to bring, because she’s out of earshot already, veering into the kitchen to fetch it. Out of earshot for speaking, anyway. Wherever she is in the house, you can hear her singing.
I’m in a line of shut doors. A dark hump moves in the bottom corner of the mirror and I know it’s me. I reach up on the tips of my shoes to try and see a whole face, and I do. Right behind me, the energy of him suddenly everywhere, my father comes through the front door. Only a glimpse of her emerges from the kitchen before I’m tipping sideways and before I know it, I’m not waiting in the hall any more, I’m in the living room and the key is turning out there, shutting me in.
Eddie, she says, from the other side. The handle rattles and stops suddenly. Eddie.We’re just going to my mother’s. Open this door.
Then the whole thing goes too fast. There’s thudding, which means he is out there with her, and my mother raising her voice, saying no. The handle slips against the wool of my glove when I try it from my side, but it doesn’t budge. Only two things are clear: I am not leaving and she is not getting in. Her voice escalates but he is silent. He says nothing at all. The gloves are tied at the cuff and tight, so hard to shift I hardly try, and there’s nothing to do but watch the shutness of the door, listen to the noises behind it, things I can’t see, changing. A few dull thumps and her saying no, and a single roar. His. The front door batters shut and there’s silence for a whole moment. Then he comes in, alone. He’s in a suit, the tie squint and crushed, his eyes not fixed on any one thing. He glances out of the window, shuts the living-room door behind him and locks us both inside. I watch the key turn, the string through its eye slipping inside the blackness of his pocket, and wait.
Mummy’s away out, he says.
Her footsteps, the points of her heels, like running or walking on the spot, click over outside.
You’ve to stay in with me. I watch the place where the key went. You’ve to stay with me and play a game. He takes his jacket off, straightening the tie, pulling himself, piece by piece, together. Sit, he says. He says it the way you talk to a dog you didn’t trust. We’re playing a game while she’s away.
My coat is still buttoned to the neck. We were going out and now we’re not and these clothes are not right for inside. His face isn’t right either. I only know my eyes have drifted to the door when he catches it, snaps his fingers.
There’s nothing out there, he says. Now sit. Sit there when I tell you. He points at the settee. Just bloody sit.
So I sit. I sit right on the edge and my feet leave the floor and nothing feels solid. Nothing feels safe. He waits staring right at me till he’s sure, then walks slowly to the tallboy and rummages in the bottom drawer just as the noise starts. Like a wall falling, the suddenness of it a shock right down to the bone. It takes a moment to realize it’s the window, shuddering fit to break. Over the top edge of the settee, her hands come into view, making marks on the glass. My mother is outside her own home, battering her fists against the window so hard the frame flakes paint. But he doesn’t turn round. He doesn’t even look up, just goes on fishing in the drawer. I look at her face, at his.
Open the door. She’s just a wean, Eddie. Open the door.
It’s as much a howl as anything, her eyes melted into black creases and that’s all I see because he snaps his fingers again, knowing I’ll turn away from her, that I’ll turn towards him. And there he is, my father, laying out a chequered board on the side table. He picks up a stack of counters in one hand, letting them fit snug. Then slowly, one after another, he sets them down in their rightful places. The set of his body and face say nothing unusual is happening in the room or the space around us at all. But she’s still behind me, still getting louder. It makes no sense he can’t see. Whether he can or not, he doesn’t. And for now, for this moment, I know something. There is what is real and what people can force you to pretend is real, and pretending is the wrong one. I don’t know that in as many words, but I know it in my fingers. They’re stiff, rusted up with refusal. Not for long, though, nothing that can’t be undone. And he knows how. He looks up, puts one last red button dead centre in its square, and stares. The window rattles and she shouts his name, his name like nails down a blackboard, his name. He doesn’t even flicker, just keeps looking. And what he’s looking at is me. We have the same eyes. Everybody says so. Just the same. They lock now, point to point, and the look
wants to break me clean down the middle.
Me first, he says. He slides the playing piece back and forth, playing, while she shouts one last time. Then there’s a slithering noise, something heavy slumping hard down on to the path. We both hear it but what he does is he makes his move. One square. And pushes the board towards me.
Now you, he says, calm, clear. I do nothing. We’re playing, he says, you and me. See? Now it’s you.
He lifts the hand I know is mine, pulls the ties and slips off my glove in one easy move. Carefully, he places my fingertips firmly on the nearest piece, a dead ivory circle.
Now, he says. Play.
Outside, my mother moans like a seal. His eyes rivet on the board so he can’t see mine filling up, making the whole room quiver. Even so, the piece starts to shift.
I’m warning you, he says. His jaw clicks.
And I choose. Knowing this is the wrong thing, that this is all the wrong thing, I play.
I don’t remember what happened after that. She must have given up and walked to her mother’s with no bag, no key, not sure if she’d get back in the same night, the next, ever. But she did. She would have needed to knock, but he would have let her in. Eventually.
Three days later, all the stock in the outhouse behind the shop burned down. The shop nearly went up with it. He’d gone in drunk and dropped a fag on the floor. It was autumn and the place was full of fireworks. Only little boxes, but still. My mother saw the display it made, pretty golden sparks over the roofs of other houses, not knowing what it was as she came back home off a bus from Kitty’s.
Every bloody penny, she said, snapping her fingers, bang.
Nothing was insured, of course. He didn’t believe in insurance. He said insurance was for mugs. Instead, he took what was left of the housekeeping from the tin in the pantry and consoled himself as he saw best fit. Given time to herself, my mother made a decision. We all found out what it was soon enough.
I have no memory of the move. It occurred to me years later that maybe he had sensed it coming, that fear was why he had shut us together. That he was clinging, trying to terrify one or other of us into stasis, obedience, God help us, affection. On the other hand, maybe not. Whatever the intention, if there was any at all, all he had done was make things pressing. She might have gone to her mother’s, her sister’s, to all sorts of places if it hadn’t been for me. I am under no illusion it was a choice. There was nowhere to take us, but we had to be together. There was nowhere to take us, but we had to go.
She must have gone round, asking. Maybe she went to the doctor to ask for pills for nerves, as people did then, and her situation had emerged. Maybe she cried. More likely she didn’t. She did not cry easily. But however the conversation turned, Dr Hart, normally a smug and self-contained bastard, said the surgery had a box room. It was over the very building in which they sat and it would keep the rain off. It cost next to nothing, which was more than she had at the time, but she could, he supposed, clean the surgery instead. Work, thank God. Work. She’d been a domestic and a clippie and a shop- keeper’s assistant. She’d had a washing machine of her own. Now she got a box room and tuppence to get by on and she took it with open arms. If she wept at all, it would have been then, but she’d have waited till she was outside. She’d have held her back stiff and got out with her face intact as far as she could. The revelation of weakness, in her experience, could do terrible, terrible things.
Over the heads of Dr Hart, Dr Caroll and Dr Deans, then; over the heads of the sniffing, spitting, gurgling, limping, seeping hordes downstairs in the dungeon of the waiting room, we waited too. And when they were gone, when the big outside door was shut over, she came into her own. Fag ash, fallen hair and cast-off tissues, kidney bowls and carpets and big glass jars. Racks of jars. She had to promise to keep me quiet, of course, especially during surgery hours. But I was good at being quiet. It was something at which I excelled. We could get by.
In some ways the move was easy: just clothes and toys
enough for one case. Not so much as a kettle. Rose said Eddie wasn’t well and needed looking after and she was a bad wife for letting him down, but she knew that already. It was a horrible choice, certainly, but not a hard one. She’d put in twenty-two years already. After all that time, it must have seemed unlikely that more would make anything any better. Rose was his sister, doing what a sister would. Or maybe she just resented being dumped with his care.
Maybe she can do a better job, my mother said. Maybe she can just do the bloody looking after herself.
Nobody got the address to begin with, just in case, and even I knew why. We lost the trike. Some time between Christmas and the New Year, we lost a lot of things. What we acquired was a box room above the doctor’s surgery, a two-ring hob and a sink behind a curtain, a divan settee, no toilet. My mother stood at the window of the attic and wept, then chose to look on the bright side.
Oh well, she said. Things can always get worse, she said. We’re not dead yet. I remember her stretching her neck, her hand lifting to cross her chest as though checking a heartbeat. Just to check.

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